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1.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 82(2): s00441779270, 2024. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1550040

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background There is very few data regarding homocysteine's influence on the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Objective To compare homocysteine levels between patients with ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms, and to evaluate possible influences of this molecule on vasospasm and functional outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective, case-control study. We evaluated homocysteinemia differences between patients with ruptured and unruptured aneurysms; and the association of homocysteine levels with vasospasm and functional outcomes. Logistic regressions were performed. Results A total of 348 participants were included: 114 (32.8%) with previous aneurysm rupture and 234 (67.2%) with unruptured aneurysms. Median homocysteine was 10.75μmol/L (IQR = 4.59) in patients with ruptured aneurysms and 11.5μmol/L (IQR = 5.84) in patients with unruptured aneurysms. No significant association was detected between homocysteine levels and rupture status (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.96-1.04). Neither mild (>15μmol/L; OR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.32-4.12) nor moderate (>30μmol/L; OR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.54-1.81) hyperhomocysteinemia demonstrated significant correlations with ruptured aneurysms. Neither univariate (OR = 0.86; 95% CI 0.71-1.0) nor multivariable age-adjusted (OR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.75-1.05) models evidenced an association between homocysteine levels and vasospasm. Homocysteinemia did not influence excellent functional outcomes at 6 months (mRS≤1) (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.94-1.16). Conclusion There were no differences regarding homocysteinemia between patients with ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms. In patients with ruptured aneurysms, homocysteinemia was not associated with vasospasm or functional outcomes.


RESUMO Antecedentes Existem poucos dados sobre a influência da homocisteína na formação e rotura de aneurismas intracranianos (AI). Objetivo Comparar os níveis de homocisteína entre pacientes com AI rotos e não rotos e influências no vasoespasmo e resultados funcionais. Métodos Estudo caso-controle, que avaliou as diferenças de homocisteinemia entre pacientes com aneurismas rotos e não rotos, além da associação entre níveis de homocisteína, vasoespasmo e estado funcional. Regressões logísticas foram realizadas. Resultados Um total de 348 participantes foram incluídos: 114 (32,8%) com aneurismas rotos e 234 (67,2%) não rotos. A homocisteína mediana foi de 10,75μmol/L (IQR = 4,59) nos rotos e 11,5μmol/L (IQR = 5,84) nos não rotos. Não houve associação significativa entre os níveis de homocisteína e o status de ruptura (OR = 0,99, 95% CI = 0,96-1,04). Nem a hiperhomocisteinemia leve (>15μmol/L; OR = 1,25, 95% CI = 0,32-4,12) nem a moderada (>30μmol/L; OR = 1,0, 95% CI = 0,54-1,81) mostraram correlações significativas com aneurismas rotos. Modelos univariados (OR = 0,86; 95% CI = 0,71-1,0) e multivariados ajustados por idade (OR = 0,91; 95% CI = 0,75-1,05) não evidenciaram associação entre homocisteína e vasoespasmo. A homocisteinemia não influenciou resultados funcionais excelentes em seis meses (mRS ≤ 1) (OR = 1,04; 95% CI = 0,94-1,16). Conclusão Não houve diferenças em relação à homocisteinemia entre pacientes com aneurismas intracranianos rotos e não rotos. Em pacientes com aneurismas rotos, a homocisteinemia não foi associada ao vasoespasmo ou resultados funcionais.

2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 80(9): 922-928, Sept. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420250

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) have been previously studied as predictors of survival in different malignancies. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of these hematologic inflammatory biomarkers for patients with brain metastases (BM). Methods We reviewed a consecutive cohort of patients at Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP-FMUSP) from 2011 to 2016 with ≥ 1 BM treated primarily by surgical resection. The primary outcome was 1-year survival. We optimized the NLR, MLR, PLR, and RDW cutoff values, preserving robustness and avoiding overestimation of effect size. Results A total of 200 patients (mean age 56.1 years; 55.0% female) met inclusion criteria. Gross-total resection was achieved in 89.0%. The median (quartiles) preoperative and postoperative KPS scores were 60 (50-80) and 80 (60-90), respectively. Preoperative NLR was significantly associated with survival (HR 2.66, 95% CI: 1.17-6.01, p = 0.019). A NLR cutoff value of 3.83 displayed the most significant survival curve split. Conclusions Preoperative NLR is an independent predictor of survival in newly diagnosed BM. We propose a cutoff value of 3.83 for preoperative NLR testing may be clinically useful as predictor of poor survival in this population. The wide accessibility of the NLR favors its inclusion in clinical decision-making processes for BM management.


Resumo Antecedentes Os neutrófilos para linfócitos (NLR), monócitos para linfócitos (MLR), proporção de plaquetas para linfócitos (PLR) e largura de distribuição de glóbulos vermelhos (RDW) foram previamente estudados como preditores de sobrevivência em diferentes malignidades. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o valor preditivo desses biomarcadores inflamatórios hematológicos para pacientes com metástases cerebrais (MB). Métodos Nós revisamos uma coorte consecutiva de pacientes no Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP-FMUSP) de 2011 a 2016 com ≥ 1 MB tratados principalmente por ressecção cirúrgica. O desfecho primário foi a sobrevida em 1 ano. Otimizamos os valores de corte de NLR, MLR, PLR e RDW, preservando a robustez e evitando superestimação do tamanho do efeito. Resultados Um total de 200 pacientes (idade média de 56,1 anos; 55,0% mulheres) preencheram os critérios de inclusão. A ressecção grosseira total foi obtida em 89,0%. A mediana (quartis) dos escores KPS pré-operatório e pós-operatório foram 60 (50-80) e 80 (60-90), respectivamente. O NLR pré-operatório foi significativamente associado à sobrevida (HR 2,66, IC 95%: 1,17-6,01, p = 0,019). Um valor de corte de NLR de 3,83 exibiu a divisão da curva de sobrevivência mais significativa. Conclusões O NLR pré-operatório é um preditor independente de sobrevida em MBs recém-diagnosticados. Propomos que um valor de corte de 3,83 para o teste de NLR pré-operatório pode ser clinicamente útil como preditor de baixa sobrevida nesta população. A ampla acessibilidade do NLR favorece sua inclusão nos processos de tomada de decisão clínica para o gerenciamento de BM.

3.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 39(4): 311-316, 15/12/2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362346

ABSTRACT

The Virchow-Robin spaces (VRSs), which are often incidentally observed in modern structural neuroimaging examinations, are small cystic cavities that usually surround the small arteries and arterioles at the level of basal ganglia, the anterior perforated substance and the thalamic-mesencephalic junction. Typically, they have similar physicochemical characteristics to cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and there is no contrast enhancement on brain CT andMRI images. Its real meaning is unknown, although some contemporary studies have suggested that it might be related to certain traumatic brain injury or several other central nervous system (CNS) disorders, as degenerative diseases. Occasionally, some wide and atypical VRS may be mistaken for primary cystic brain tumors, especially in the context of large and symptomatic lesions, multiple clustered cysts, cortical lesions and if there is adjacent reactive gliosis. The present paper reports four patients who were affected by atypical VRS mimicking brain tumors that required imaging follow-up or even a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis or to indicate the correct approach. Although it is not so unusual, one of them occurred concomitantly and adjacent to a diffuse glioma (co-deleted 1p19q, WHO-GII).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Middle Aged , Dilatation, Pathologic , Glymphatic System/abnormalities , Glymphatic System/surgery , Glymphatic System/diagnostic imaging , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Glymphatic System/pathology
4.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 39(3): 217-221, 15/09/2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362439

ABSTRACT

The present report describes the case of a male 17-year-old patient who progressively developed a hydrocephalus and polyradiculopathy due to involvement of central nervous system (CNS) by a diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT). The tumor had partial remission in response to the treatment with radiotherapy plus procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy, and the patient had improvement in function and pain levels. The current knowledge about DLGNT, including its clinical manifestations, imaging findings, histological characteristics, and treatment are revised and discussed in the present paper.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Oligodendroglioma/pathology , Oligodendroglioma/drug therapy , Oligodendroglioma/radiotherapy , Meningeal Neoplasms , Oligodendroglioma/diagnostic imaging , Polyradiculopathy/complications , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/methods , Hydrocephalus/complications
5.
J. vasc. bras ; 19: e20190129, 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1135122

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Ischemia-reperfusion injury contributes to morbidity after revascularization procedures. Along with early reperfusion, tissue conditioning by alternating intervals of brief ischemia-reperfusion episodes is considered the best approach to limit tissue damage. Remote ischemic conditioning is conducted remotely, in tissues other than those under ischemia. Despite this, remote ischemic conditioning protection mechanisms are poorly understood, which can lead to misapplication. Objectives To assess whether remote ischemic conditioning works in the heart and brain through enhancement of cells' antioxidant defenses and whether the response is sustained or temporary. Methods Twenty-one male Wistar rats were assigned to three groups (n = 7): SHAM: same procedure as the other groups, but no remote ischemic conditioning was carried out. RIC 10: heart and brain were harvested 10 minutes after the remote ischemic conditioning protocol. RIC 60: heart and brain were harvested 60 minutes after the remote ischemic conditioning protocol. The remote ischemic conditioning protocol consisted of 3 cycles of 5 min left hindlimb ischemia followed by 5 min left hindlimb perfusion, lasting 30 min in total. Heart and brain samples were used to measure the tissue antioxidant capacity. Results Remote ischemic conditioning increased heart and brain antioxidant capacity after 10 minutes (0.746 ± 0.160/0.801 ± 0.227 mM/L) when compared to SHAM (0.523 ± 0.078/0.404 ± 0.124 mM/L). No enhancement of heart or brain antioxidant capacity was detected 60 minutes after remote ischemic conditioning (0.551 ± 0.073/0.455 ± 0.107 mM/L). Conclusions Remote ischemic conditioning temporarily enhances heart and brain antioxidant defenses in male Wistar rats.


Resumo Contexto A lesão de isquemia e reperfusão contribui para a morbidade após procedimentos de revascularização. Juntamente com a reperfusão precoce, o condicionamento tecidual através de breves episódios de isquemia e reperfusão é considerado a melhor abordagem para limitar o dano tecidual. Apesar disso, os mecanismos do condicionamento isquêmico remoto são pouco compreendidos, o que pode levar a uma aplicação incorreta. Objetivos Avaliar se o condicionamento isquêmico remoto funciona no coração e no cérebro através do aprimoramento da defesa antioxidante das células e se é uma resposta sustentada ou temporária. Métodos Vinte e um ratos Wistar foram divididos em três grupos (n = 7): SHAM, no qual não foi realizado condicionamento isquêmico; RIC 10, no qual 10 minutos após o protocolo de condicionamento isquêmico, foi realizada a coleta dos órgãos; e RIC 60, no qual 60 minutos após o protocolo de condicionamento isquêmico, foi realizada a coleta dos órgãos. O protocolo de condicionamento isquêmico remoto consistiu em três ciclos de 5 minutos de isquemia, seguidos de 5 minutos de perfusão no membro posterior esquerdo, com duração total de 30 minutos. Amostras foram usadas para medir a capacidade antioxidante do tecido. Resultados O condicionamento isquêmico remoto aumentou a capacidade antioxidante do coração e do cérebro após 10 minutos (0,746 ± 0,160/0,801 ± 0,227 mM/L) quando comparado ao SHAM (0,523 ± 0,078/0,404 ± 0,124 mM/L) . Sessenta minutos após o condicionamento isquêmico remoto, não foi detectado aumento da capacidade antioxidante do coração ou do cérebro (0,551 ± 0,073/0,455 ± 0,107 mM/L). Conclusões O condicionamento isquêmico remoto melhora temporariamente as defesas antioxidantes do coração e do cérebro em ratos Wistar.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Ischemic Preconditioning , Coronary Vessels , Cerebrum/blood supply , Reperfusion , Rats, Wistar , Protective Factors , Antioxidants
7.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 77(11): 797-805, Nov. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055187

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Drug-resistant epilepsy associated with central nervous system tumors is generally caused by low grade gliomas. This group of tumors is usually found in brain eloquent areas, such as the insular lobe, rolandic cortex and supplementary motor area and, historically, possess a greater risk of postoperative deficits. Objective: The aim of this investigation was to present our surgical experience on patients with drug-resistant epilepsy caused by gliomas in eloquent areas. We retrospectively investigated variables that impact seizure control, such as tumor location, extent of resection, invasion into the lenticulostriate arteries in the patient, especially those with insular gliomas. Methods: Out of 67 patients with eloquent area brain tumors operated on in our service between 2007 and 2016, 14 patients had symptoms of drug-resistant epilepsy. Volumetric analysis, extent of resection (EOR), type of approach and mapping, among other factors were correlated with the 12-month postoperative seizure outcome. Results: Univariate analysis showed that the factors showing statistical relevance with seizure control were preoperative volume (p = 0.005), EOR (p = 0.028) and postoperative volume (p = 0.030). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant association between the EOR and the Engel score for epilepsy control: an EOR < 70 was associated with Engel II, III, IV and an EOR > 90 was associated with Engel I. Eloquent area gliomas can safely be resected when surgeons use not only microsurgical anatomy concepts but also brain mapping.


RESUMO Epilepsia refratária secundária a tumores cerebrais são geralmente causadas por gliomas de baixo grau. Esse grupo de tumor é frequentemente localizado em áreas eloquentes do cérebro como na insula, córtex rolândico e área motora suplementar; e sua ressecção apresenta alto risco de déficits neurológicos no pós operatório. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo consiste em apresentar nossa experiência no tratamento cirúrgico de pacientes com epilepsia refratária secundário a gliomas em áreas eloquentes. Métodos: O estudo consiste em investigação retrospectiva de variáveis que interferem no controle de crises, tais como localização do tumor, grau de ressecção, invasão tumoral de artérias lenticulo estriadas, principalmente em gliomas insulares. Dentre 67 pacientes portadores de gliomas em área eloquente operados no período de 2007 a 2016, 14 doentes apresentavam epilepsia refrataria associada. Análise volumétrica do tumor, grau de ressecção, acesso cirúrgico, bem como o uso de mapeamento cortical intraoperatório foram correlacionados com desfecho de controle de crises epilepticas em 12 meses. Resultados: Em análise univariada os fatores relacionados com controle de crises em 12 meses foram volume tumoral pré operatório (p = 0,005), grau de ressecção (p = 0,028) e volume tumoral pós operatório. Conclusão: O grau de ressecção apresentou significância estatística em relação ao controle de crises conforme escala de Engel. Ressecções menores que 70% apresentaram correlação com Engel II, III e IV; enquanto ressecções maiores que 90% apresentaram correção positiva com Engel I. Gliomas em áreas eloquentes podem ser ressecados de forma segura desde que seja realizada por equipe experiente com conhecimento acurado da anatomia microcirúrgica e emprego de mapeamento cortical intraoperatório.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Brain Neoplasms/surgery , Brain Neoplasms/complications , Brain Neoplasms/etiology , Drug Resistant Epilepsy/surgery , Glioma/surgery , Glioma/complications , Postoperative Period , Seizures/surgery , Seizures/etiology , Brain Mapping , Brain Neoplasms/mortality , Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Glioma/mortality , Glioma/diagnostic imaging
8.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 37(1): 27-37, 13/04/2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-911358

ABSTRACT

Posterior circulation aneurysms represent 10­15% of intracranial aneurysms. The diagnosis is usually secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage due to its initial asymptomatic presentation and higher risk of rupture compared with aneurysms in the anterior circulation. The surgical treatment of posterior circulation aneurysms is complex and challenging for neurosurgeons because of the particular anatomy of the posterior circulation with its close relation to the brainstem and cranial nerves and also because of the depth and narrowness of the surgical approach. Aneurysms from different locations have specific anatomical relationships and surgical approaches for better visualization and dissection. Therefore, a detailed anatomy knowledge of the posterior circulation is mandatory for an individualized preoperative planning and good neurological and angiographic outcomes.We selected the main aneurysm sites on the posterior circulation, such as: posterior inferior cerebellar artery, basilar trunk, basilar bifurcation, posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and superior cerebellar artery for a detailed description of the relevant anatomy related to aneurysm, and the main surgical approaches for its surgical treatment. Furthermore, we performed a literature review with the most recent outcomes regarding to the surgical treatment of posterior circulation aneurysms.


Aneurismas de circulação posterior representam de 10­15% dos aneurismas intracranianos. O diagnóstico, frequentemente, é secundário a hemorragia subaracnoide devido à apresentação assintomática na maioria dos casos e ao alto risco de sangramento comparado com aneurismas da circulação anterior. O tratamento cirúrgico de aneurismas de circulação posterior é complexo e desafiador para os neurocirurgiões devido à anatomia particular da região, profundidade do acesso cirúrgico, e relação intima com o tronco encefálico e os nervos cranianos. Aneurismas de diferentes localizações têm diferentes relações anatômicas e, portanto, acessos cirúrgicos específicos para melhor dissecção e visibilização de estruturas. Logo, um conhecimento detalhado de anatomia é mandatório para planejamento operatório individualizado e bons resultados clinico-radiológicos. Foram selecionadas as principais localizações de aneurismas de circulação posterior: Artéria cerebelar póstero-inferior; tronco de artéria basilar, bifurcação de artéria basilar, artéria cerebral posterior, e artéria cerebelar superior para detalhamento anatômico da anatomia relevante. O estudo objetiva realizar uma revisão da literatura dos principais resultados sobre tratamento cirúrgico de aneurismas de circulação posterior, além de descrever os principais pontos anatômicos relevantes à técnica microcirúrgica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Intracranial Aneurysm , Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery , Intracranial Aneurysm/diagnosis
9.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 37(1): 50-53, 13/04/2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-911367

ABSTRACT

The ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is an established treatment for hydrocephalus. The functioning of the system requires a pressure difference between the cranial and abdominal cavities. The VPS can be particularly problematic in patients with increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). We report the case of a 16-year-old girl with VPS since she was 2 months old due to hydrocephalus secondary to myelomeningocele. The patient had been asymptomatic ever since, but she sought the emergency service with intermittent headache and vomiting. A non-enhanced brain tomography, a shunt trajectory X-ray and an abdominal ultrasound revealed no cause of system malfunction. In view of the persistent clinical picture, a revision of the shunt was performed, which revealed adequate intraoperative functioning. She returned with the same symptoms two weeks after surgery. The patient was obese (body mass index [BMI]: 48). We hypothesized intermittent valve malfunction due to increased intra-abdominal pressure. She underwent a ventriculoatrial shunt, without intercurrences. In the postoperative period, the patient presented transient tachycardia and was asymptomatic at the 6-month follow-up. Obesity should be considered an important variable for the inadequate functioning of the VPS due to increased IAP and catheter dystocia to the extraperitoneal cavity. Studies have already correlated the IAP with the BMI, which reaches between 8 mm Hg and 12 mm Hg in obese individuals. Therefore, the BMI can be considered during the selection of valve pressure in systems with non-adjustable valves to prevent insufficient drainage. The recognition of obesity as a cause of VPS malfunction is fundamental to avoid unnecessary surgeries and intermittent malfunction of the system.


A derivação ventriculoperitoneal (DVP) é um tratamento estabelecido para a hidrocefalia; contudo, algumas variáveis podem influenciar na eficácia desta modalidade. O funcionamento do sistema requer uma diferença de pressão entre as cavidades craniana e abdominal. A DVP pode ser particularmente problemática em pacientes com aumento da pressão intra-abdominal (PIA). Neste artigo, relatamos o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, de 16 anos, portadora de DVP desde os 2 meses de idade por hidrocefalia secundária a mielomeningocele. Desde então assintomática, procurou o pronto-socorro com queixa de cefaleia e vômitos intermitentes. Uma tomografia de crânio sem contraste, um raio X (RX) do trajeto do cateter distal, e uma ultrassonografia (USG) abdominal não evidenciaram a causa do mau funcionamento do sistema. Diante do quadro persistente, realizou-se uma revisão da derivação, que mostrou funcionamento adequado no período intraoperatório. A paciente retornou com os mesmos sintomas duas semanas após a cirurgia. A paciente era obesa (índice de massa corporal [IMC]: 48). Aventou-se possível funcionamento intermitente da válvula pelo aumento da PIA. A paciente foi submetida a uma derivação ventrículo-atrial, que foi realizada sem intercorrências. No pós-operatório, ela apresentou quadro transitório de taquicardia, e não apresentou sintomas no acompanhamento feito depois de 6 meses. A obesidade deve ser considerada uma variável importante para o funcionamento inadequado da DVP, pelo aumento da PIA e pela associação com distocia do cateter para a cavidade extraperitoneal. Estudos já correlacionaram a PIA com o IMC, que pode atingir entre8 mm Hg e 12 mm Hg em obesos. Logo, o IMC pode ser considerado na seleção da pressão da válvula em sistemas com válvulas não ajustáveis, para prevenir a drenagem insuficiente. O reconhecimento da obesidade de risco para o mau funcionamento da DVP é fundamental para evitar cirurgias desnecessárias e o mau funcionamento intermitente do sistema.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt , Pediatric Obesity , Hydrocephalus , Obesity/complications
10.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 31(2): e1364, 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-949223

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: The best site for splenic implant was not defined, mainly evaluating the functionality of the implant. Aim: To evaluate the effects of autogenous splenic implantation on the subcutaneous tissue in the survival of splenectomized rats. Method: Twenty-one randomly assigned rats were studied in three groups (n=7): group 1 - manipulation of the abdominal cavity and preservation of the spleen; group 2 - total splenectomy; group 3 - splenectomy and implant of the tissue removed in the subcutaneous. The animals were followed for 90 days postoperatively. Results: There was a higher mortality in groups 2 (p=0.0072) and 3 (p=0.0172) in relation to group 1. There was no difference between groups 2 and 3 (p=0.9817). Conclusion: The splenic implant in the subcutaneous is ineffective in the survival of rats submitted to splenectomy.


RESUMO Racional: O melhor sítio para implante esplênico não foi definido, principalmente avaliando a funcionalidade do implante. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do implante esplênico autógeno subcutâneo na sobrevida de ratos esplenectomizados. Métodos: Foram estudados 21 ratos alocados aleatoriamente em três grupos (n=7): grupo 1 - manipulação da cavidade abdominal e preservação do baço; grupo 2 - esplenectomia total; grupo 3 - esplenectomia e implante do tecido retirado no subcutâneo. Os animais foram acompanhados por 90 dias pós-operatórios. Resultados: Houve mortalidade maior nos grupos 2 (p=0,0072) e 3 (p=0,0172) em relação ao grupo 1. Não houve diferença entre os grupos 2 e 3 (p=0,9817). Conclusão: O implante esplênico no subcutâneo é ineficaz na sobrevida de ratos submetidos à esplenectomia.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Spleen/transplantation , Subcutaneous Tissue/surgery , Splenectomy , Random Allocation , Survival Rate , Organ Transplantation/mortality , Rats, Wistar
11.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 37(3): 252-257, 2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362875

ABSTRACT

Papillary tumor of the pineal region (PTPR) is a neuroectodermal tumor thought to originate from cells of the subcommissural organ. Its oncologic properties are still under investigation, as well as the most suitable therapeutic measures for this type of neoplasm.We report the case of a 36-year-old woman with a 1-year history of headache and intermittent diplopia. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed a heterogeneously enhancing mass in the pineal region that caused an acute hydrocephalus, and an emergency shunt derivation was necessary. One week later, the patient was submitted to subtotal tumor resection, and remained asymptomatic in the post-operative period. In the follow-up, the patient remained asymptomatic; in the imaging control 3.5 years after the surgical resection, local recurrence was identified, and the patient was submitted to a local radiation protocol. Our literature review showed an early clinical onset due to intracranial hypertension signs. Definitive clinical onset might be reached only through a histopathological examination. Gross total resection followed by radiotherapy is the current standard of care. Local recurrence is often observed, with rare dissemination to the cerebral spinal fluid. The natural history of the PTPR remains unknown, as well as the best treatment strategy. Large case series with longer follow-ups are necessary for further conclusions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pineal Gland/surgery , Brain Neoplasms/surgery , Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt , Pineal Gland/pathology , Pineal Gland/diagnostic imaging , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Immunohistochemistry , Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology , Carcinoma, Papillary/diagnostic imaging , Diagnosis, Differential
12.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 36(3): 153-159, 08/09/2017.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-911197

ABSTRACT

Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are relatively rare lesions with irreversible consequences in the context of hemorrhage. They are characterized by direct connections between arteries and veins without an intervening capillary network. The natural history of brain AVMs is controversial in the literature, with low evidence level gathered in the papers published, and with large divergence of results among them. A detailed understanding of the natural history is critical for treatment decision. The risk of development of deleterious outcomes such as hemorrhage or brain infarction should always be considered when submitting a patient to the risks of treatment. Several factors related to the patient and to the AVMs are determinants in the natural history of this disease. The topography, size, morphology and angioarchitecture of AVMs determine the risk of rupture. Large AVMs, those located in the posterior fossa and with deep venous drainage, have higher risk of rupture. Due to divergence in the literature regarding the natural history of AVMs, the choice of treatment should also consider experiences acquired over the years from reference centers with a high number of AVMs treated per year. We determined 7 variables that should be considered during the decision to treat an AVM: 1) previous hemorrhage; 2) aneurysm associated to the AVM; 3) direct arteriovenous fistula; 4) factors related to the nidus; 5) age and habits (smoking, sedentary lifestyle, diet quality); 6) the functional performance of the patient; 7) psychological factors.


Malformações arteriovenosas (MAVs) são lesões caracterizadas por conexões diretas entre artérias e veias sem rede capilar. São relativamente raras e com consequências muitas vezes irreversíveis no contexto de hemorragia. A história natural das MAVs é controversa na literatura, com pouca evidência extraída dos artigos publicados, além de alta divergência entre resultados. Um entendimento detalhado da história natural da doença é determinante para a decisão do tratamento. O risco de desenvolver consequências deletérias como hemorragia ou isquemia deve ser sempre considerado antes de submeter pacientes ao tratamento. Vários fatores relacionados ao paciente e às MAVs são determinantes na história natural da doença. A localização, tamanho, morfologia e angioarquitetura das MAVs estimam o risco de ruptura. As MAVs grandes, de fossa posterior, com drenagem venosa profunda, têm maior risco de ruptura. A decisão de tratar deve também levar em conta a experiência do serviço, adquirida após anos de tratamento de MAVs. Nós determinamos 7 fatores que devem ser avaliados diante da decisão de tratamento das MAVs: 1) hemorragia prévia; 2) aneurismas associados à MAV; 3) fístula arteriovenosa; 4) fatores relacionados ao nidus; 5) idade e hábitos de vida; 6) performance funcional do paciente; 7) fatores psicológicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/etiology , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/history
13.
Acta cir. bras ; 32(9): 691-696, Sept. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886235

ABSTRACT

Abstract Purpose: To compare the continuous and interrupted suture technique on femoral artery on rats after vessel repair and 14 days after. Methods: Twenty rats were operated randomly divided into two group matched according to the suture technique used: interrupted or continuous. We performed a femoral anastomosis on the right femoral artery. We analyzed weight, arterial caliber, anastomosis time and patency after vessel repair and 14 days after. Results: There was no significant difference between groups in the weight (p=0.64), diameter of the femoral artery (p=0.95) and patency (p=1.00). The time spent in the anastomosis was 451 seconds in the continuous group and 718 seconds in the interrupted group, presenting significant difference (p<0.01). Conclusion: The continuous suture technique shows a similar patency rates than interrupted technique, however with a shorter time to perform the anastomosis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Suture Techniques , Femoral Artery/surgery , Microsurgery/methods , Anastomosis, Surgical/methods , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar
14.
Acta cir. bras ; 32(8): 599-606, Aug. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886224

ABSTRACT

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate if combination of perconditioning and postconditioning provides improved renal protection compared to perconditioning alone in a model of renal reperfusion injury. Methods: Thirty rats were assigned into 6 groups: normality; sham; ischemia and reperfusion; postconditioning; perconditioning; perconditioning + postconditioning. Animals were subjected to right nephrectomy and left renal ischemia for 30 minutes. Postconditioning consisted of 3 cycles of 5 min renal perfusion followed by 5 min of renal ischemia after major ischemic period. Perconditioning consisted of 3 cycles of 5 min hindlimb ischemia followed by 5 min of hindlimb perfusion contemporaneously to renal major ischemic period. After 24 hours, kidney was harvested and blood collected to measure urea and creatinine. Results: Perconditioning obtained better values for creatinine and urea level than only postconditioning (p<0.01); performing both techniques contemporaneously had no increased results (p>0.05). Regarding tissue structure, perconditioning was the only technique to protect the glomerulus and tubules (p<0.05), while postconditioning protected only the glomerulus (p<0.05). Combination of both techniques shows no effect on glomerulus or tubules (p>0.05). Conclusions: Perconditioning had promising results on ischemia and reperfusion induced kidney injury, enhanced kidney function and protected glomerulus and tubules. There was no additive protection when postconditioning and perconditioning were combined.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Ischemic Preconditioning/methods , Ischemic Postconditioning/methods , Ischemia/prevention & control , Kidney/blood supply , Time Factors , Random Allocation , Reproducibility of Results , Rats, Wistar , Models, Animal , Kidney/pathology
15.
J. vasc. bras ; 16(3): f:262-l:266, jul.-set. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-877060

ABSTRACT

Anastomoses vasculares são procedimentos comuns realizados por grande parte dos cirurgiões e cujo treinamento ocorre principalmente em seres humanos, contrariando os princípios éticos vigentes. Esse fato se deve, sobretudo, à carência e ao alto custo relacionados aos atuais modelos de treinamento. Assim, este estudo visa avaliar a viabilidade de três vegetais para a realização de anastomoses vasculares. Foram utilizadas cinco unidades de cebolinha, vagem e feijão-verde. Em cada uma tentou-se realizar uma anastomose término-terminal. Conseguiu-se a realização da anastomose apenas na vagem e no feijão-verde. Contudo, por apresentar uma menor espessura, o feijão-verde assemelhou-se mais aos vasos humanos


Vascular anastomoses are common procedures and are performed by most surgeons. Training is primarily conducted in human beings, which violates current ethical principles. This is because current training models are expensive and in short supply. This study was designed to investigate the feasibility of three vegetable models of vascular anastomosis. Five units each of scallions, green beans, and yardlong beans were used. An end-to-end anastomosis was attempted with each specimen. Anastomoses were only successful in green beans and yardlong beans. Since they are narrower, the yardlong beans are the most similar to human vessels


Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Medical/methods , General Surgery , Simulation Training/methods , Learning , Sutures , Mentoring/methods
16.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 30(1): 27-29, Jan.-Mar. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-837554

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Mesenteric ischemia is a challenging diagnosis. Delay in diagnosis can lead to extent bowel necrosis and poor outcomes. Ischemia and reperfusion syndrome plays an important role in this scenario. Aim: To access effects of different post-conditioning cycles on mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion syndrome. Method: Twenty-five rats were assigned into five groups: Sham, used to establish normal parameters; control group, submitted to mesenteric ischemia for 30 min; in groups GP3, GP1 and GP30, ischemia was followed by post-conditioning protocol, which consisted of 1 cycle of 3 min (GP3), 3 cycles of 1 min (GP1) or 6 cycles of 30 s (GP30), respectively. Ileum samples were harvested after one hour of reperfusion. Intestinal mucosal injury was evaluated through histopathological analysis. Results: The average of mesenteric injury degree was 0 in the sham group, 3.6 in the control group, 3.4 in GP3, 3.2 in GP1, and 3.0 in GP30; villous length average was 161.59 in sham group, 136.27 in control group, 135.89 in GP3, 129.46 in GP1, and 135.18 in GP30. Was found significant difference between sham and other groups (p<0.05); however, there was no difference among post-conditioning groups. Conclusion: Post-conditioning adopted protocols were not able to protect intestinal mucosa integrity after mesenteric ischemia and short term reperfusion.


RESUMO Racional: O desfecho satisfatório na abordagem cirúrgica da obesidade deve contemplar, além da perda de peso, alteração significativa nas comorbidades preexistentes e na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida no pós-operatório tardio de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de gastrectomia vertical por videolaparoscopia. Métodos: Foi aplicado o questionário "Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System" (BAROS) em pacientes submetidos à gastrectomia vertical por videolaparoscopia. Resultados: Foram avaliados 47 pacientes, entre 21 e 60 anos de idade. O IMC médio antes da operação era 43,06±5,87 kg/m². A média percentual de redução do excesso de peso após foi de 85,46±23,6%. A pontuação obtida pelos pacientes no questionário sobre a melhora na qualidade de vida evidenciou resultado excelente (36,17%), ótimo (40,43%), bom (21,28%) e razoável (2,13%). Houve melhora clínica após a operação em todas as comorbidades investigadas. Conclusão: A perda de peso foi fundamental para a melhoria na qualidade de vida e proporcionou resolução ou a melhora clínica em todas as comorbidades investigadas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Reperfusion/methods , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Ischemic Postconditioning/methods , Mesenteric Ischemia/prevention & control , Mesentery/blood supply , Time Factors , Clinical Protocols , Rats, Wistar
17.
J. vasc. bras ; 16(1): f:73-l:76, Jan.-Mar. 2017. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-849083

ABSTRACT

The right femoral vessels of 80 rats were identified and dissected. External lengths and diameters of femoral arteries and femoral veins were measured using either a microscope or a video magnification system. Findings were correlated to animals' weights. Mean length was 14.33 mm for both femoral arteries and femoral veins, mean diameter of arteries was 0.65 mm and diameter of veins was 0.81 mm. In our sample, rats' body weights were only correlated with the diameter of their femoral veins


Os vasos femorais de 80 ratos foram identificados e dissecados. O comprimento e o diâmetro externo da artéria e da veia femoral foram mensurados com o auxílio de um microscópio e um sistema de magnificação por vídeo. Esses parâmetros foram correlacionados com o peso do animal. O comprimento de ambos os vasos femorais foi de 14,33 mm, e a média do diâmetro das artérias foi de 0,65 mm, e das veias, de 0,81 mm. Na nossa amostra, o peso dos animais se correlacionou apenas com o diâmetro da veia femoral


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Femoral Vein/surgery , Rats/anatomy & histology , Anatomy , Dissection , Models, Animal
18.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 43(5): 348-353, Sept.-Oct. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829607

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effects of blocking the regulation of vascular tone on the ischemia and reperfusion syndrome in rats through the use of lidocaine in the postconditioning technique. Methods: we randomized 35 rats into seven groups of five animals: Group 1- Control; Group 2- Ischemia and Reperfusion; Group 3- Ischemia, Reperfusion and Saline; Group 4- Ischemic Postconditioning; Group 5- Ischemic Postconditioning and Saline; Group 6- Lidocaine; Group 7- Ischemic Postconditioning and Lidocaine. Except for the control group, all the others were submitted to renal ischemia for 30 minutes. In postconditioning groups, we performed ischemia and reperfusion cycles of five minutes each, applied right after the main ischemia. In saline and lidocaine groups, we instilled the substances at a rate of two drops per minute. To compare the groups, we measured serum levels of urea and creatinine and also held renal histopathology. Results: The postconditioning and postconditioning + lidocaine groups showed a decrease in urea and creatinine values. The lidocaine group showed only a reduction in creatinine values. In histopathology, only the groups submitted to ischemic postconditioning had decreased degree of tubular necrosis. Conclusion: Lidocaine did not block the effects of postconditioning on renal ischemia reperfusion syndrome, and conferred better glomerular protection when applied in conjunction with ischemic postconditioning.


RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos do bloqueio da regulação do tônus vascular por meio do uso da lidocaína na técnica de pós-condicionamento isquêmico na síndrome de isquemia e reperfusão renal em ratos. Métodos: trinta e cinco ratos foram randomizados em sete grupos de cinco animais: Grupo 1- Controle; Grupo 2- Isquemia e Reperfusão; Grupo 3- Isquemia, Reperfusão e Solução Salina; Grupo 4- Pós-condicionamento Isquêmico; Grupo 5- Pós-condicionamento Isquêmico e Solução Salina; Grupo 6- Lidocaína; Grupo 7- Pós-condicionamento Isquêmico e lidocaína. Com exceção do grupo controle, todos os demais foram submetidos à isquemia renal de 30 minutos. Nos grupos de pós-condicionamento, foi realizado o ciclo de isquemia e reperfusão de cinco minutos cada, aplicado logo após a isquemia principal. Nos grupos salina e lidocaína foram instiladas as substâncias numa taxa de duas gotas por minuto. Para comparar os grupos, foram dosados os níveis séricos de ureia e creatinina e análise histopatológica renal. Resultados: os grupos pós-condicionamento e pós-condicionamento + lidocaína apresentaram uma redução nos valores de ureia e creatinina. O grupo lidocaína apresentou apenas uma redução nos valores de creatinina. Na análise histopatológica, apenas os grupos submetidos ao pós-condicionamento isquêmico apresentaram redução do grau de necrose tubular. Conclusão: a lidocaína não bloqueou os efeitos do pós-condicionamento na síndrome de isquemia e reperfusão renal, mas conferiu melhor na proteção glomerular quando aplicada em conjunto com o pós-condicionamento isquêmico.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Ischemic Postconditioning/methods , Kidney/blood supply , Anesthetics, Local/therapeutic use , Lidocaine/therapeutic use , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar
19.
Acta cir. bras ; 31(10): 694-697, Oct. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-827648

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To verify the publication rate of the abstracts presented at the XII Brazilian Congress of Experimental Surgery. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study that evaluated if the abstracts accepted for presentation at the XII Brazilian Congress of Experimental Surgery were published in periodics. The information was acquired using the Scielo, Medline / Pubmed, LILACS and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS: From all the abstracts presented, only 77 (40.52%) were published in scientific journals. Of this total, 14 (18.18%) were published prior to the conference 35 (45.45%) in the same year that occurred congress, 56 (72.72%) in the period 2011-2013 and 63 (81, 81%) between the Congress and the year 2015. Regarding the geographical distribution of summaries, 42 (22%) were from the northern region, 19 (10%) from the Northeast, 8 (4%) Midwest, 116 (61%) from the Southeast and 5 (3%) from the south. CONCLUSION: The publication rate of the abstracts presented at the XII Brazilian Congress of Experimental Surgery was 40,52%, most from the state of Sao Paulo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Publishing/statistics & numerical data , General Surgery/statistics & numerical data , Congresses as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Biomedical Research/statistics & numerical data , Abstracting and Indexing/statistics & numerical data
20.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 28(4): 247-249, Nov.-Dec. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-770259

ABSTRACT

Background: The instructions to authors are the only means of communication between researchers and the editorial standards of a scientific journal. One of the mandatory items to be contained therein is about the ethical part, to prevent new research to carry out abuses with the enrolled on the research are published and stimulated. Aim: To verify the ethical questions on the guidelines of Brazilian surgical journals Method: Thirteen selected journals were divided into two groups: general surgery (n=3), and surgical specialty (n=10). The instructions to authors were analyzed by the quote of ethical requirements based on a specific research protocol, ranging from zero to six points. Results: The average score of the general surgery group was similar than that of the surgical specialty group (3.66±0.57 vs 3.30±1.15, p=0.6154). When each ethical requirement was compared between the groups, there was no significant difference between the ethical requirements (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was respect for most ethical questions evaluated, with no difference between the journals of general or specialty surgery.


Racional: As instruções aos autores são a principal comunicação entre os pesquisadores e as políticas editoriais. Um dos itens obrigatórios que devem conter é sobre a parte ética, para evitar que novas pesquisas que realizem abusos com os incluídos na pesquisa sejam publicadas e estimuladas. Objetivo: Verificar os quesitos éticos das instruções aos autores de revistas cirúrgicas nacionais. Método: Treze revistas escolhidas aleatoriamente do campo cirúrgico foram selecionadas. As instruções aos autores foram analisadas com base em protocolo de pesquisa contendo seis itens que devem obrigatoriamente conter nas instruções aos autores. Resultados: A média da pontuação do grupo de revistas gerais foi semelhante que o grupo de revistas sobre especialidades cirúrgicas (3,66±0,57vs3,30±1,15, p=0,6154). Quando cada quesito ético foi comparado entre os grupos, não houve diferença significativa entre os quesitos estudados (p>0,05). Conclusão: Houve respeito pela maioria dos quesitos éticos avaliados, sem diferença entre as revistas de cunho geral ou especializadas.


Subject(s)
Guidelines as Topic , Periodicals as Topic , Publishing , Specialties, Surgical , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies
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